(b) The Spirit of the Laws. Conditions of women during the period of French Revolution are : Question 12. Explain any five features of the Constitution of 1791 framed by the National Assembly in France. Answer: All were given equal rights irrespective of the Estate. (iii) All of these were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. (i) In the Old Regime all written material and cultural activities could be published or performed only after they had been approved by the censors of the king but after the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed freedom of speech and expression to be a natural right. The National Assembly held long debates about the rights of man should be extended to all French subjects including those in the colonies. Plays, songs and festive processions attracted large numbers of people. He was an absolute monarch, which meant that he was not bound by a constitution, so had complete power. Question 12. The examples are : Question 6. Each side sought to convince the others of its position through the medium of print. (ii) Different Clothes: A large group among the Jacobins decided to start wearing long striped trousers similar to those worn by dock workers. It abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. After his mother died shortly after his father, Louis' tutors did a poor job of training him to be a m… His rule was the "last straw" before the French Revolution. Explain how the new political system of Constitutional monarchy in France worked. What does the Red Cap worn by Sans-Culottes in France symbolize? This time too when Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General, he decided to continue the same old practice. About 81% of their income went to the State, Nobles, Church, 19% of the income was their to live on grass and roofs and 1,000 peoples of them died due to starvation. Answer: The newly elected Assembly was called the Convention. Maximilian Robespierre. (i) The philosophers presented idea of a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all. Debt Trap: Lenders who gave the state credit, now began to charge 10 per cent interest on loans. (ii) Citizens were given the right to vote for an electoral group which in turn, elected the Assembly. Name the three ‘Estates’ into which the French society was divided before the Revolution. On the other hand, the peasants and workers lived a wretched life. People of Third Estate demanded a society based on freedom and opportunities to all. (ii) 1789: French Revolution began in 1789. It declared France a constitutional monarchy. Question 27. It was a direct tax to be paid to the State. Who was the leader of the Jacobin Club? Or Explain by giving three examples. The middle class of France gained more power and rights. (iii) Francis Aronet Voltaire (1694-1778): Voltaire was another outstanding philosopher of the Revolution. His parents expected his older brother, Louis duc de Bourgogne, to inherit the throne. Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. (iv) In ‘The Spirit of the Laws’, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. The French monarch wielded considerable power but it was neither absolute nor unchecked. (iii) They looted hoarded grain and burnt down documents containing records of manorial dues. The land owning classes and the bourgeois emerged as the dominant power. 1. Question 16. (ii) John Locke in his book ‘Two Treatises of Government’, sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Liberty. But members of the Third Estate demanded that voting now should be conducted by the assembly as whole, where each member would have one vote, When the king rejected this proposal, members of the Third Estate walked out of the assembly in protest. They were restored in 1814, and screwed it up yet again, so that the crown was given to a distan What do you mean by ‘Subsistence Crisis’? (ii) But the third estate demanded that voting now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member would have one vote. (iii) It was the duty of the state to protect each citizen’s natural rights. Both Mirabeau and Abbe’ Sieye’s were great political thinkers. (iii) Carrying the Revolution: They were the people who believed that the revolution had to be carried further, as the Constitution of 1791 gave political rights only to the richer sections of society. Merovingian Dynasty (428–751) The name of France comes from the Germanic tribe known as the Franks.The Merovingian kings began as chieftains. (Para – 1, Page No. Explain. The king could make appointments, formulate poli… 4) 3. Question 8. Who was the ruler of France during the revolution? How was the French society organized? The Tennis Court Oath was a significant event in the French revolution. The National Assembly drafted the new Constitution which laid the foundation of Republic of France. Which classes formed the privileged estates? (ii) National Assembly : The representatives of the Third Estate viewed themselves as spokesmen for the whole French nation. These representatives of the Third Estate viewed themselves as spokesmen for whole French nation. Answer: Answer: ‘Social disparity was one of the major causes of the French Revolution.’ Justify by giving examples. This was to set themselves apart from the fashionable sections of society, especially nobles, who wore knees breeches. Which book has proposed a division of power within government? When the king rejected this proposal, members of the Third Estate walked out of the assembly in protest. Louis XVI, also called (until 1774) Louis-Auguste, duc de Berry, (born August 23, 1754, Versailles, France—died January 21, 1793, Paris), the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. Question 13. Louis XVI of the Bourbon family ascended the throne of France in 1774. (v) Instead of the traditional Monsieur (Sir) and Madame (Madam) all French men and women were henceforth Citoyen and Citoyenne (Citizen). (iii) But all the citizens were not given this right. (i) While drafting constitution, a severe winter resulted in bad harvest. Which ruler came to power in France in 1774? Louis XVI was the king on the eve of the revolution. In 1770 he … Branded and shackled, the slaves were packed tightly into ships for the three-month long voyage across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. Question 2. Wars and Economic Crisis : In 1774, when Louis XVI ascended the throne, he found and empty treasure. In India, the third Carnatic War had left France still in control of several small enclaves , but with military restrictions and an obligation to support the British client states, effectively leaving the future of … (ii) The middle class earned their wealth through an expanding overseas trade and from the manufacture of goods. Thus, they revolted against the cruel regime. Equality was also sought to be practised through forms of speech and address. 5. Answer: Question 7. Now all were free to write and speak. Answer: Justify the statement by giving three suitable examples. Which law was introduced by revolutionary government in France as help to improve the lives of women? King Louis XVI of France On May 10, 1774, Louis Auguste became Louis XVI upon the death of his grandfather, Louis XV. On November 9th and 10th, 1799, he was put into power with two other consuls, Sieyes and Ducos. It limited the powers of the monarch. So if the ruler did not fulfil the contract, the people had the right to withdraw their loyalty to him, and bring down the tyranny of the ruler, by revolting. Answer: @media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {table {border-left:0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;}}, NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, Important Questions for CBSE Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 The French Revolution. Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage were given the status of active citizens, that is they were entitled to vote. A Declaration of the French society was divided before the Revolution officer to fifteen men vast majority of the Revolution. Especially nobles, who wore knees breeches return for military or labour services in May class, and.. Each side sought to convince the others of its budget on interest payments alone knees breeches were... 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