Eds. “rNying ma pa Lamas at the Court of Mang yul Gung thang – The Meeting of the gTer ston bsTan gnyis gling pa with King Kun bzang Nyi zla grags pa.” In The Relationship Between Religion and State (chos srid zung ’brel) in Traditional Tibet. .] FGT 286/2; NGMPP L755/4–L756/1. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. He felt that their unique blend of observation, judgment and refined expression identified them as the ideal proposers of laws promoting societal evolution, development and improvement. Theg pa’i mchog rin po che’i mdzod. Oslo: The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture. 4. Eds. To sum up: most xylographs analysed thus far were printed between 1515 and 1563. 1a–17a). This place was the residence of Bo dong Chos dbang rgyal mtshan, who, as mentioned above, is also, 11 For Khri rNam rgyal lde’s birth date, see Diemberger 2007, 53, 121–22, 326. Jo bo rin po che rje dpal ldan a ti sha rnam thar rgyas pa yongs grags. FGT 586. Bod kyi shing spar lag rtsal gyi byung rim mdor bsdus. 74 Cf. FGT 361/4 = Legs pa’i shes rab. Jackson, David. This paper has the twofold aim of exploring the printing history of the Mang yul Gung thang, kingdom in southwestern Tibet and making some preliminary remarks on the extent of early printing operations as well as on the effects of the introduction of the xylographic technique into this country. FGT 671/6 = ’Ba’ ra ba rGyal mtshan dpal bzang (1310–1391). NGMPP L569/10. rJe btsun mi la ras pa’i rdo rje mgur drug sogs gsung rgyun thor bu ’ga’. ———. Königswinter 2006. This text is reproduced in Ehrhard 2000b, 21–96. Proceedings of the 11th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies. 190b–193a). 1a–129b). Francesco Sferra and Dramdul, 435–502. B. J. Bonn: Indica et Tibetica Verlag. bDe gshegs phag mo gru pa’i rnam thar. “Buddhist Women as Patrons of Tibetan Printing.” In Tibetan Printing: Comparisons, Continuities, and Change. History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau. Anne Chayet, Cristina Scherrer-Schaub, Françoise Robin, JeanLuc Achard, 441–64. A Reading of Tibetan Printing History on the Basis of Gung thang Colophons Studied in Two Dedicated Projects Xylograph kept at the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. Andiast: International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies GmbH. 3, 927 no. Why don’t we have a clear picture of Tibetan printing history and the consequences of the introduction of the xylographic technique in this country? Edition und Übersetzung. April 18, 1775, was a turning point in history, but it’s not as if those living in the American colonies just woke up that day and decided to try and overthrow arguably one of the most powerful monarchies in the world. bKa’ rgya / khu chos gnyis / lung bstan / rdor glu / kha skong rnams. NGMPP AT61/21[5], L189/3, L501/2; NAK 754 no. On this work, see also Ehrhard 2000a, 37. yet relatively little is known about the specific contours of the culture of the book in Tibet, such as the roles of patronage in the production of texts, the economic and social implications of producing the massive canons of Buddhist literature on the Himalayan plateau, the position of the scribe in society, and working life in a Buddhist scriptorium” (2009, vii). 54 Cf. “Colours.” In Buddha’s Word: The Life of Books in Tibet and Beyond. 193b–206a). 1a–510a). FGT 286/1 = Yang dgon pa rGyal mtshan dpal (1213–1258). 18 See Ehrhard 2012, 160. 14 On this master, see Ehrhard 2000a, 15; Ehrhard 2000b, IX–XIII; Ehrhard 2000d, 201, 204– 09. based in the UK, in Tibet, Nepal and Italy, but it has also been achievable thanks to the starting idea of Gene Smith and the reaserch undertaken by Franz-Karl Ehrhard. Lumbini: Lumbini International Research Institute. bka’ gdams rin po che’i glegs bam (1538, biography, bka’ gdams pa).77 6. Conversion, Contestation, and Memory. 2015. Stearns (2000, 3) indeed wrote: “even the authors of some of the most definitive histories of religion remained uncertain about where to place him because of the widespread and eclectic nature of his practices and activities.” 40 Cf. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. yul Gung thang and in the neighbouring areas, and similar enterprises were. The unacknowledged revolution -- Defining the initial shift, some features of print culture -- Classical and Christian traditions reoriented, Renaissance and Reformation reappraised. 1a–52a). U rgyan rdo rje. 2010. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. 9) A ti sha’i chos ’khor (La ’de Valley): 1. FGT 587. ———. dPal brtsegs, text no. Franz-Karl Ehrhard, and, Petra Maurer, 143–71. This holy site was established by bTsun pa Chos legs as one of his retreat places, therefore the texts printed there seem to be associated with the bo dong pa tradition. On bo dong Phyogs las rnam rgyal and this school, see Chok Tenzin Monlam 2005; Diemberger 2009; Diemberger, Wangdu, Kornfeld and Jahoda 1997; Ehrhard 2000b; Hazod 1998; Jackson 1996: 95–96; Smith, associated with Khyung rdzong dkar po, both places being very close. Secondary Sources Bacot, Jacques. The Culture of the Book in Tibet. Catalogue of Tibetan Manuscripts and Blockprints of the University Library, Cambridge – Bodleian Library, Oxford – World Museum, Liverpool – The Ancient India and Iran Trust, Cambridge available at http://catalogue.socanth.cam.ac.uk/ exist/servlet/db/mssbp.xq. 98 Cf. Special Issue: Proceedings of the 4th CBC Conference “The Study of Asia: between Antiquity and Modernity”, Turin 4–7 September 2013. Ed. rJe btsun ’ba’ ra pa rgyal mtshan dpal bzang po’i rnam thar mgur ’bum dang bcas pa. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. 1a–214b). “The Birth of a Heruka: How Sangs rgyas rgyal mtshan became gTsang smyon Heruka. Rang byon jo bo ’phags pa wa ti bzang po’i rnam thar nyi ma’i dkyil ’khor (1525, biography).99 42 Cf. 1954. FGT 671/7 = ’Ba’ ra ba rGyal mtshan dpal bzang (1310–1391). “Chos kyi sgron ma’s Life and the Bo dong pa Tradition: Discovery and Innovative Creativity in Buddhist Revival.” In Ancient Treasures, New Discoveries. The Unacknowledged Revolution . Chos, dbang rgyal mtshan, who was a close disciple of bTsun pa Chos legs, also moved there in 1511.22 It seems that the production of prints at Chab rom phug is connected with these masters and that it stopped after their death; however, this subject is still under investigation. The database is accessible from the websites of both the above-mentioned projects: Transforming Technologies and Buddhist Book Culture: http://www.ttbbc.socanth.cam.ac.uk/; TiBET: www .tbevoltech.socanth.cam.ac.uk. A further copy is available at the National Archives of Kathmandu (NGMPP L9/3). NGMPP E908/3, f. 39a4–6. NGMPP L66/5 = Chos dbang rgyal mtshan (1484–1549). Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. ———. Proceedings of a Seminar held in Lumbini, Nepal, March 2000. This text is reproduced in Ehrhard 2000b, 349–85. . Unacknowledged: Summary. NGMPP L10/22, L813/2, E2617/9. The fourth one was printed between 1555 and 1581; however, since it was edited by rGod tshang ras chen, I tend to think that it was produced between 1555 and 1560, possibly soon after this latter master’s death. On this work, see also Ehrhard 2000a, 32–33, 101–03. 1a–19a). 5, 927 no. NGMPP AT61/21[3] = bTsun pa Chos legs. "These essays consider the American Revolution in new contexts, elucidating global interdependencies that took root in the eighteenth century through unlikely alliances, cultural transmissions, and complex networks of trade. Clemente414, FGT 361/1 = ’Brom ston rGyal ba’i ’byung gnas (1004/5–1064). The best evidence for extraterrestrial contact, dating back decades, is presented with direct top-secret witness testimony, documents and UFO footage, 80% of which has never been revealed anywhere else. Scholars who research this field could not understand thus far whether Tibetan printing in the 15th and 16th century was a small scale operation or something that had a broader involvement. dPal ldan bla ma dam pa mkhas grub lha btsun chos kyi rgyal po’i rnam mgur blo ’das chos sku’i rang gdangs. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome, (ff. ———. NGMPP L189/5–190/1 = mChog ldan mgon po (1497–1531). ’Bras bu’i skabs rnam par bzhag pa. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. In the 17th century the 5th Dalai Lama also used the same edition to produce further copies of the Maṇi bka’ ’bum,31 which was central in his vision of the state. In the late fifteenth century, the reproduction of written materials began to move from the copyist's desk to the printer's workshop. Ed. 51 Cf. Ed. 2009. List of printing houses with the number of identified texts produced in each of them: Jean-Luc Achard, 51–66. The history of the book has its roots in bibliography, librarianship, and the intersections of social, cultural, and material history. FGT 709/3 = Shākya’i dge slong rdo rje ’dzin pa nam mkha’ rdo rje’i mgur ’bum yid bzhin nor bu’i bang mdzod. One of the earliest xylographs produced in Tibet is a 1407 print from Shel dkar, the capital of Southern La stod (lHa stod lHo),6 which was located immediately to the East of the kingdom of Mang yul Gung thang. The development of writing and later the development of printing are examplesâ¦â Insofar as flesh-and-blood historians who turn out articles and books actually bear witness to what happened in the past, the effect on society of the development of printing, far from appearing cataclysmic, is remarkably inconspicuous. The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism. FGT 1102 = lHa btsun Rin chen rnam rgyal (1473–1557). ———. Chok Tenzin Monlam. On this work, see also Clemente (in press c); De Rossi Filibeck 2003, 2; Diemberger and Clemente 2013, 131; Ehrhard 2000a, 29–30. 398a–401a). 2007. On this work, see also Clemente (in press c); Roesler 2000; Roesler 2011; Schaeffer 2011, 476. The Biography of Kun tu bzang mo. 2016. Turin: University of Turin. 12 On this figure and his work, see Ehrhard 2010; Larsson 2012: 255–61; Sernesi 2007: chapt. Leiden: Brill. Revolution . FGT 286/3 = bTsun pa Chos legs (1437–1521). See also De Rossi Filibeck 2003, 132 ; Vetturini 2013, 205 po rnal ’ bzhi... 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