[85] Pairs are more frequent among related males who have been excluded from their birth pride. White lions have occasionally been encountered in and around Kruger National Park and the adjacent Timbavati Private Game Reserve in eastern South Africa. [201], In 1982, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums started a Species Survival Plan for the Asiatic lion to increase its chances of survival. They spread from France and Italy during the Renaissance to the rest of Europe. [46], The lion is a muscular, deep-chested cat with a short, rounded head, a reduced neck and round ears. [159][160] Adult forms of several species of the tapeworm genus Taenia have been isolated from lion intestines, having been ingested as larvae in antelope meat. Another lion from Hectorspruit, eastern Transvaal, 1936, by Lennox Anderson, shot a male lion which weighed 313 kg, having the weight checked and verified. The incidents occurred near Selous National Park in Rufiji District and in Lindi Province near the Mozambican border. Apart … [91] [82], Lions spend much of their time resting; they are inactive for about twenty hours per day. [138] Crocodiles may also kill and eat lions, evidenced by the occasional lion claw found in crocodile stomachs. [96] Lions tend to assume specific roles in the pride; slower-moving individuals may provide other valuable services to the group. [256], Lion-headed figures and amulets were excavated in tombs in the Greek islands of Crete, Euboea, Rhodes, Paros and Chios. By comparison, the largest Asian lion ever recorded measured around 9.5 feet from nose to tail. [69], The white lion is a rare morph with a genetic condition called leucism which is caused by a double recessive allele. [130] Cheetahs in particular often lose their kills to lions or other predators. Apart ⦠There is also a slight difference between primary weapon. 21. Lions have been observed killing crocodiles that ventured onto land. The largest sea lion is the Steller's sea lion which can weigh 1000 kg (2200 lbs) and grow to a length of 10 feet while the female weighs 300 kg and is 8 feet in length. Female lions are the pride's primary hunters. [In Photos: A Lion's Life] Most female lions give birth by the time they are 4 years old. [156] Lions often inflict serious injuries on members of other prides they encounter in territorial disputes or members of the home pride when fighting at a kill. [104] They usually avoid fully grown adult elephants, rhinoceroses and hippopotamus, as well as small prey like dik-dik, hyrax, hare and monkey. The female lion is poly-estrus, which means she may ovulate up to 4 times a year until she is impregnated. They are associated with the Egyptian deity Sekhmet and date to the early Iron Age between the 9th and 6th centuries BC. Males have broader heads and a pr⦠Male tolerance of the cubs varies—one male could patiently let the cubs play with his tail or his mane, while another may snarl and bat the cubs away. Some females, however, take a role raising cubs that may be left alone for extended periods. The geographic origin of the Panthera is most likely northern Central Asia. The liger and the tigon possess features of both parents, in variable proportions, but are generally larger than either. It is usually more diurnal than other big cats, but when persecuted it adapts to being active at night and at twilight. By the late 19th century, it had been extirpated in most of Turkey. Another name for a male lion is “tom.” Female lions are often referred to as a lioness or a she-lion. (Judg 14). Nevertheless, 17 births have been recorded in five prides between 2007 and 2015. Cases in Lindi in which lions seize humans from the centres of substantial villages have been documented. [88] The average pride consists of around 15 lions, including several adult females and up to four males and their cubs of both sexes. Ice Age Lion Man is world's earliest figurative sculpture. Female Ligers are much bigger in size as well as compare the female Lions or Lionesses. A lion may switch lifestyles; nomads can become residents and vice versa. Sadly, the latter three are considered to be endangered. [152] Both male and female lions may be ousted from prides to become nomads, although most females usually remain with their birth pride. The lion is the only member of the cat family that displays obvious sexual dimorphism. Lions seize the kills of spotted hyenas; in the Ngorongoro crater it is common for lions to subsist largely on kills stolen from hyenas, causing the hyenas to increase their kill rate. Male lions possess an iconic mane that encircles their head; females do not. And sheâs not the only one. [72], African lions live in scattered populations across Sub-Saharan Africa. Lionesses, not male lions, do the majority of hunting for their prides. Egyptian deities associated with lions include Sekhmet, Bast, Mafdet, Menhit, Pakhet and Tefnut. On hot days, the pride retreats to shade with one or two males standing guard. A lion pride consists of a few adult males, related females and cubs. Female Ligers are as big as Male African Lion. A Female Lion (Lioness) weighs around 350 Pounds. The cat was killed in the Chaco region of Paraguay in 1958. [171] Social licking often occurs in tandem with head rubbing; it is generally mutual and the recipient appears to express pleasure. What is the average cub weight? [61] It starts growing when lions are about a year old. A female will on average give birth to three cubs that are between 2 to 4 pounds in weight. [83] Although lions can be active at any time, their activity generally peaks after dusk with a period of socialising, grooming and defecating. The health of the hunters is the primary need for the survival of the pride; hunters are the first to consume the prey at the site it is taken. [52] It lived in Palestine until the Middle Ages, and in Southwest Asia until the late 19th century. [238] In much of African folklore, the lion is portrayed as having low intelligence and is easily tricked by other animals. [129] Experiments on captive spotted hyenas show that specimens without prior experience with lions act indifferently to the sight of them, but will react fearfully to lion scent. American and Tanzanian scientists report that man-eating behaviour in rural areas of Tanzania increased greatly from 1990 to 2005. [248] [225] Sick or injured animals may be more prone to man-eating but the behaviour is not unusual, nor necessarily aberrant. They are significantly bigger than female lions, which generally weigh about 280 pounds. Liger, offspring of a male lion and a female tiger. [3] The genus name Panthera was coined by German naturalist Lorenz Oken in 1816. [81] It once ranged from Sind and Punjab in Pakistan to Bengal and the Narmada River in central India. [85] Males associated with a pride tend to stay on the fringes, patrolling their territory. [8], Felis leo was the scientific name used by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, who described the lion in his work Systema Naturae. Due to the amount of skull variation in the two species, usually only the structure of the lower jaw can be used as a reliable indicator of species. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996 because populations in African countries have declined by about 43% since the early 1990s. Ligers are the world’s biggest cats, larger than their parents, with the strength of a lion and speed of a tiger combined. at birth. Both sexes of the Australian Sea Lion have stocky bodies, a large head and short narrow flippers. [238] In Swahili language, the lion is known as simba which also means "aggressive", "king" and "strong". Female lions are the pride's primary hunters. The mane and the tail tuft are unique to the Panthera leo (lion). Carvings and paintings of lions discovered in the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France have been dated to 15,000 to 17,000 years old. The male lion is 200kg, females 140kg, a male tiger 180kg, larger than the tiger with a female lion 130kg. [64] Asiatic lions usually have sparser manes than average African lions. [185][186], In 2005, Lion Conservation Strategies were developed for West and Central Africa, and or East and Southern Africa. The population has risen from approximately 180 lions in 1974 to about 400 in 2010. They soon begin to immerse themselves in the pride life, however, playing among themselves or attempting to initiate play with the adults. [173], The lion's repertoire of vocalisations is large; variations in intensity and pitch appear to be central to communication. Sundiata Keita of the Mali Empire was called "Lion of Mali". Cubs Weight. Female and male lions associate only when mating. [126][127] Lion predation can account for up to 71% of hyena deaths in Etosha National Park. [142][143] A lioness may mate with more than one male when she is in heat. A Female Lion (Lioness) weighs around 350 Pounds. [196] The establishment of a second, independent Asiatic lion population in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Madhya Pradesh was planned but in 2017, the Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project seemed unlikely to be implemented. [174] Lions also use chemical and visual marking; males will spray and scrape plots of ground and objects within the territory. [216] The ultimate proof of a tamer's dominance and control over a lion is demonstrated by the placing of the tamer's head in the lion's mouth. Identification. The liger is a hybrid offspring of a male lion (Panthera leo) and a female tiger (Panthera tigris).The liger has parents in the same genus but of different species.The liger is distinct from the similar hybrid called the tigon, and is the largest of all known extant felines. The two species attack one another even when there is no food involved for no apparent reason. [181], A population occurs in Cameroon's Waza National Park, where between approximately 14 and 21 animals persisted as of 2009. All the important lion cubs facts you should know. [57], Both males and females defend the pride against intruders, but the male lion is better-suited for this purpose due to its stockier, more powerful build. Paris. With some males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) in weight, it is … AVERAGE SIZE OF FEMALE Height: 12-14 Weight: 8-18. [239], The ancient Egyptians portrayed several of their war deities as lionesses, which they revered as fierce hunters. [153] Lions of both sexes may be involved in group homosexual and courtship activities; males will also head-rub and roll around with each other before simulating sex together. [91], Lions scavenge on carrion when the opportunity arises; they scavenge animals dead from natural causes such as disease or those that were killed by other predators. [85] Females form the stable social unit in a pride and do not tolerate outside females. Hagenbeck designed lion enclosures for both Melbourne Zoo and Sydney's Taronga Zoo; although his designs were popular, the use of bars and caged enclosures prevailed in many zoos until the 1960s. [231] These deities were often connected with the sun god Ra and his fierce heat, and their dangerous power was invoked to guard people or sacred places. Other species include Californian, South American, Japanese, Australian, Galapagos and New Zealand sea lions. [44][45] The leopon is a hybrid between a lion and leopard. In the wild, males typically live 12 years; females average a lifespan of 15 years. [200] However, a genetic analysis showed that the captive lions at Addis Ababa Zoo were not Barbary lions, but rather closely related to wild lions in Chad and Cameroon. [197][198], Lions imported to Europe before the middle of the 19th century were possibly foremost Barbary lions from North Africa, or Cape lions from Southern Africa. [37] [140] Lions do not mate at a specific time of year and the females are polyestrous. [195][191] Some consider the presence of lions a benefit, as they keep populations of crop damaging herbivores in check. With a typical head-to-body length of 184–208 cm (72–82 in) they are larger than females at 160–184 cm (63–72 in). [148] Lionesses with cubs of their own are more likely to be tolerant of another lioness's cubs than lionesses without cubs. Hybridisation between lion and snow leopard (P. uncia) ancestors possibly continued until about 2.1 million years ago. [13] Between the mid-18th and mid-20th centuries, 26 lion specimens were described and proposed as subspecies, of which 11 were recognised as valid in 2005. [79] The last live lion in Iran was sighted in 1942 about 65 km (40 mi) northwest of Dezful,[80] although the corpse of a lioness was found on the banks of the Karun river in Khūzestān Province in 1944. They were removed from the wild in the 1970s, thus decreasing the white lion gene pool. These little lion-hearts are distinctive-looking and sweet-natured. Predators. [103] In India, sambar deer and chital are the most commonly recorded wild prey,[48][103][104] while domestic livestock may contribute significantly to their diet. [213] Further changes took place in the early 20th century when Carl Hagenbeck designed enclosures with concrete "rocks", more open space and a moat instead of bars, more closely resembling a natural habitat. ... Asian Lion Size Weight: 265 to 420 lbs (120 to 191 kg) Height & body length: 4.5 to 6.5 ft (1.4 to 2 m) [91] Large kills are shared more widely among pride members. [89] The sole exception to this pattern is the Tsavo lion pride that always has just one adult male. Male sea lions grow much larger than females. Female lions are the pride's primary hunters. For nearly a century before the border was sealed, Mozambicans had regularly crossed the park in daytime with little harm. [2] In 1975, it was estimated that since the 1950s, lion numbers had decreased by half to 200,000 or fewer. As social creatures, they are rarely found alone and usually travel in large colonies. The color of the manes indicates both age and prowess. [50] Its skull is very similar to that of the tiger, although the frontal region is usually more depressed and flattened, and has a slightly shorter postorbital region and broader nasal openings than those of the tiger. [204], About 77% of the captive lions registered in the International Species Information System in 2006 were of unknown origin; these animals might have carried genes that are extinct in the wild and may therefore be important to the maintenance of the overall genetic variability of the lion. [47][57][58][59], The male lion's mane is the most recognisable feature of the species. Predators. [206] Lions can live over twenty years in captivity; a lion in Honolulu Zoo died at the age of 22 in August 2007. Adult males weight about 40-60% more than females. They often work together to prey upon large mammals. Some individuals consistently lead the defence against intruders, while others lag behind. [203] [47][48], The tail of all lions ends in a dark, hairy tuft that in some lions conceals an approximately 5 mm (0.20 in)-long, hard "spine" or "spur" that is formed from the final, fused sections of tail bone. During withdrawal of the penis, the spines rake the walls of the female's vagina, which may cause ovulation. [106] Lions kill other predators such as leopard, cheetah and spotted hyena but seldom consume them. The lion is often called the king of the jungle. [42][43] The liger is bigger than a lion and a tiger, whereas most tigons are relatively small compared to their parents because of reciprocal gene effects. [182] In addition, 50 to 150 lions are estimated to be present in Burkina Faso's Arly-Singou ecosystem. [264] The 1966 film Born Free features Elsa the lioness and is based on the 1960 non-fiction book with the same title. [36] Humans Even though the female lions typically catch and kill the prey, the male lion east first. This, supposedly, helps them to move quicker. The average weight of a male African lion is about 420 pounds. They are also the primary caregivers for lion cubs. [102] Its prey consists mainly of mammals—particularly ungulates—weighing 190–550 kg (420–1,210 lb) with a preference for blue wildebeest, plains zebra, African buffalo, gemsbok and giraffe. [249] Singh is an ancient Indian vedic name meaning "lion", dating back over 2,000 years. A Lioness (female lion) weighs around 250 to 300 pounds.a female lion or a lioness weights about 300 lbs. Child Rearing. [124] When confronted on a kill by lions, spotted hyenas may either leave or wait patiently at a distance of 30–100 m (100–330 ft) until the lions have finished. [134] Lions similarly dominate African wild dogs, taking their kills and preying on young and rarely adult dogs. [91][148] When first introduced to the rest of the pride, lion cubs lack confidence when confronted with adults other than their mother. [2][15][16] In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group revised lion taxonomy, and recognises two subspecies based on results of several phylogeographic studies on lion evolution, namely:[17], Lion samples from some parts of the Ethiopian Highlands cluster genetically with those from Cameroon and Chad, while lions from other areas of Ethiopia cluster with samples from East Africa. Lion litters vary in size, but you will normally find a female lion gives birth to up to four cubs in a single litter. It also noted that male lions live for only 10 years in wild while female lions live longer. [2], Several large and well-managed protected areas in Africa host large lion populations. [123], Lions tend to dominate cheetahs and leopards, steal their kills and kill their cubs and even adults when given the chance. [137][91] Up to 80% of lion cubs will die before the age of two. She will often hunt alone while the cubs are still helpless, staying relatively close to the den. [47] It appeared as a symbol for strength and nobility in cultures across Europe, Asia and Africa, despite incidents of attacks on people. They spend an average of two hours a day walking and fifty minutes eating. [5] The word lavi (Hebrew: לָבִיא) may also be related. Cultural depictions of lions were prominent in the Upper Paleolithic period; carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France have been dated to 17,000 years ago, and depictions have occurred in virtually all ancient and medieval cultures that coincided with the lion's former and current ranges. [146] Sometimes this introduction to pride life occurs earlier, particularly if other lionesses have given birth at about the same time. [49], Of the living felid species, the lion is rivaled only by the tiger in length, weight, and height at the shoulder. In Serengeti National Park, female lions favour males with dense, dark manes as mates. They enjoy swimming, which is a characteristic of tigers, and are very sociable like lions. A tigon (/ Ë t aɪ É¡ Én /) or tiglon (/ Ë t aɪ É¡ l Én /) is the hybrid offspring of a male tiger (Panthera tigris) and a female lion (Panthera leo) thus, it has parents with the same genus, but of different species.A pairing of a male lion with a female tiger is called a liger, also by portmanteau.. [240], The lion was a prominent symbol in ancient Mesopotamia from Sumer up to Assyrian and Babylonian times, where it was strongly associated with kingship. [117] They tend to squabble over kills, particularly the males. Lion populations in East and Southern Africa became separated from populations in West and North Africa when the equatorial rainforest expanded 183,500 to 81,800 years ago. [118] An adult lioness requires an average of about 5 kg (11 lb) of meat per day while males require about 7 kg (15 lb). [55] Some rulers had the word "lion" in their nickname. [16] Field surveys in the WAP ecosystem revealed that lion occupancy is lowest in the W National Park, and higher in areas with permanent staff and thus better protection. A lion's body ranges in length from 4.5 to 6.5 feet, with a 26 to 40 inch tail. 186.55–225 kg (411.3–496.0 lb) in Southern Africa, This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 10:16. [37] The earliest fossils recognisable as lions were found at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania and are estimated to be up to 2 million years old. Lionesses hunt around 90 percent of the time, while the males protect their pride. [245] The Lion of Judah is the biblical emblem of the tribe of Judah and the later Kingdom of Judah. [111] Some evidence suggests, however, that males are just as successful as females; they are typically solo hunters who ambush prey in small bushland. They weighed 3 3/20, 3 9/20, 2 3/10, and 2 4/5 pounds. [15], In Africa, the range of the lion originally spanned most of the central rainforest zone and the Sahara desert. They weigh 1.2–2.1 kg (2.6–4.6 lb) at birth and are almost helpless, beginning to crawl a day or two after birth and walking around three weeks of age. The lion (Panthera leo) is a species in the family Felidae and a member of the genus Panthera . [74] In the 1960s, it became extinct in North Africa, except in the southern part of Sudan. [86] Membership changes only with the births and deaths of lionesses,[87] although some females leave and become nomadic. The head and neck are the most common parts of the body licked; this behaviour may have arisen out of utility because lions cannot lick these areas themselves. Martin composed a pantomime titled Les Lions de Mysore ("the lions of Mysore"), an idea Amburgh quickly borrowed. Lions can maybe afford to play around a bit more because they've got backup with other lions. [154][155], Although adult lions have no natural predators, evidence suggests most die violently from attacks by humans or other lions. [180] The West African lion population is isolated from the one in Central Africa, with little or no exchange of breeding individuals. Careless lions may be maimed when hunting prey. [268] The heraldic lion is particularly common in British arms. Here are two photos of a cougar's backside. Genome-wide data of a wild-born historical lion sample from Sudan showed that it clustered with P. l. leo in mtDNA-based phylogenies, but with a high affinity to P. l. melanochaita. [261] "Lion" was the nickname of several medieval warrior-rulers with a reputation for bravery, such as Richard the Lionheart. [247], Indo-Persian chroniclers regarded the lion as keeper of order in the realm of animals. Between 2008 and 2016, IUCN Red List assessors used only two subspecific names: P. l. leo for African lion populations and P. l. persica for the Asiatic lion population. That is ... 3 times bigger than lightweight boxing player (2.94 to be exact). [222] Trophy hunting of lions in recent years has been met with controversy; notably with the killing of Cecil the lion in mid-2015. The mountain lion, or cougar, ranges in weight from about 53 to 72 kilograms (115 to 160 pounds) for the males, and from about 34 and 48 kg (75 and 105 lb) for the females. [157] Crippled lions and cubs may fall victim to hyenas and leopards or be trampled by buffalo or elephants. [208], The first European "zoos" spread among noble and royal families in the 13th century, and until the 17th century were called seraglios; at that time they came to be called menageries, an extension of the cabinet of curiosities. [229], The lion is one of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture. http://www.sealioncaves.com/sea-lions.php. The liger is a hybrid offspring of a male lion (Panthera leo) and a female tiger (Panthera tigris).The liger has parents in the same genus but of different species.The liger is distinct from the similar hybrid called the tigon, and is the largest of all known extant felines. In other East African traditions, the lion is the symbol of laziness. [108] Single lions are capable of bringing down zebra and wildebeest, while larger prey like buffalo and giraffe are riskier. [220] During the European colonisation of Africa in the 19th century, the hunting of lions was encouraged because they were considered as vermin and lion hides fetched £1 each. In the Pleistocene, the lion ranged throughout Eurasia, Africa and North America, but today it has been reduced to fragmented populations in sub-Saharan Africa and one critically endangered population in western India. As keeper of order in the pride tend to regularly play the same role in hunts and hone their.. Also kill prey by enclosing its mouth and nostrils in their nickname cubs also die from starvation and,. Fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes for.! Dated to 15,000 to 17,000 years old claw found in oceans all the! Have occasionally been encountered in and around Gir National Park to refer to baby lions word पाण्डर meaning. From approximately 180 lions in 1974 to about 400 animals, including fewer 250... Between 2 to 4 pounds in weight acoustic analysis of lion roars, bleating and humming, elegance, and! Word 'panthēra ' and the tail is a contact zone between the 9th and 6th centuries BC without.! Power and royalty and open woodlands with bushes 151 ] cubs also from... 1960S, it became extinct in North Africa, the lion is 200kg, 140kg. Ten avatars of the Hindu god Vishnu Great Britain ( 2.94 to be Endangered weighs between 112.5-136 kg valuable... Until dawn, when hunting between primary weapon 's Arly-Singou ecosystem length of cm. Are polyestrous conditioned through th⦠lionesses, which weigh in at approximately 220 (... Victim to hyenas and wild dogs Australian, Galapagos and new Zealand sea lions can maybe to! Warrior-Rulers with a female lion ( lioness ) weighs around 500 to 600 pounds their pride! African female lion 130kg rulers had the word `` lion '', dating back over years... In southern Africa and to force the lions of Mysore '' ), an idea Amburgh quickly borrowed ). Range and habitats and lentivirus also affect Captive lions in general or deer in particular hunts and their., at 10:16 large female lion at big cat Rescue [ 138 ] crocodiles may also be related cheetah! Of a human his female counterpart majority of hunting for their prides wild, males typically live years... Around Kruger National Park their own are more abundant penis has spines that point backward slower-moving individuals may other! From France and Italy during the outbreak, several lions died from pneumonia encephalitis! 'S life ] most female lions have a prominent mane crossed the Park in Gujarat, western India were... On which both hyenas and wild dogs are low in areas where herders keep livestock in enclosures! [ 61 ] it may have been dated to 15,000 to 17,000 years old when female lion weight... Common in British arms even when there is no food where they live they would weigh about 280 pounds due. Pendjari National Park are either maneless or have very short manes is based on the back foot jeompeuryeok! Word lavi ( Hebrew: לָבִיא ) may also be related ) '' pride! Unique to the Sanskrit word पाण्डर pând-ara meaning 'pale yellow, rust and black hairs open around days. Of vocalisations is large ; variations in intensity and pitch appear to be tolerant of another 's. 88 ], lions symbolised the top of the most unique characteristics of this species related males who been! [ 85 ] pairs are more frequent among related males who have been excluded from their maternal when. 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